Obstacles to civism in southern Romania
Relative poverty causes relative distrust in the southern counties of the country, but there are opportunities to change the situation.
Note: In this text, the phrases "Muntenia" or "southern Romania" do not include the Bucharest-Ilfov area and do not refer to it.
The civic profile of the Romanians is still influenced by the degree of exposure to communism. The older a man is, the more he has experienced compulsory community activities, that is, imposed by the totalitarian regime. Thus, naturally, entire generations have acquired a long-term phobia towards collective and collective activities . This phobia is absent among younger Romanians. Tell me the age profile of an area and I will be able to tell you, at least in part, how receptive that area is to civic activities.
From this point of view, the south of Romania has a relatively minor but significant deficit. Of the resident population of the entire country, according to INS data, 25.7% are 60 years old or older. Above the national average are precisely Oltenia (28.3%), Muntenia (27.8%) and south-eastern Romania (27.5%). Below the national average are the Banat, Transylvania and especially the Bucharest-Ilfov area.
A quasi-identical situation is encountered in economic terms. The financial constraints with which the average inhabitant of Muntenia operates are tougher than those faced by the transylvanian or the typical Bucharestian. In a context where individual or family economic survival is more difficult, the appetite to donate time or other types of resources is limited. And the three development regions in the south are among the last four in Romania in terms of average net salary. In other words, in the list of eight regions, the south is entirely in the second half of the ranking. On average, in the three regions, the average net salary is 2,828 RON. In the rest of the country – excluding Bucharest and Ilfov, which are financially on another planet – it is 158 RON higher. The difference, seemingly not very shocking, must be multiplied by millions of people to understand its impact at the level of communities. The relative poverty rate (in how many households the average income per adult is below 60% of the national median level?) describes a perhaps clearer picture. Relative poverty is present to a significantly higher extent in Oltenia (32% of households), South-Muntenia region (26%) or South-East (31%) than in the center of the country (21%), in Banat (15%) or in the North-West (also 15%).

Relative poverty produces relative distrust. (In a society defined by scarcity, the man next to you is a competitor to resources). The demographic element with which we started this text also contributes. And the results are obvious. Thus, in Muntenia there is the lowest level of agreement with the statement "You can trust most people": 7% compared to 13% in Bucharest, 13% in Transylvania or 18% in Moldova. The share of those who trust the neighbors is also low: 35% compared to 48% in Moldova and 52% in Transylvania. When they meet a man for the first time, 48% of Muntenia's inhabitants do not trust him at all – compared to 25% of the inhabitants of the Bucharest-Ilfov area, 44% of the Transylvanians or 38% of the Moldovans. In Muntenia, trust in charitable or philanthropic organizations is a high objective – 49% have high or very high trust – but relatively low, once we notice that 61% of Moldovans and also 61% of Transylvanians show this level of openness.
This last element also represents an opportunity: in the abstract and apriori, philanthropic activity is not viewed in the south with a major hostility. In practice, however, due to the objective elements that discourage the civic spirit, there are, however, slightly greater obstacles than in other regions of the country when it comes to: finding volunteers, opening public and private institutions to collaborations, engaging public opinion and other concrete aspects. It presents an untapped potential for cities and towns with intense migration to the west, where the economic situation and citizens' prospects for their own future are in a rapid positive change. However, the precise identification of those ATUs is a difficult task, which will be made easier by the results of next year's census.
In the long run, an improvement in the economic situation of the South and an improvement of the infrastructure (which would make Ialomita, Giurgiu or Calarasi more attractive for the current Bucharest people) may lead to substantial changes in the civic profile of the area. The departure of young people to other areas of the country would thus be slowed down. The potential for change for the better is genuine. Moldova, which was in a similar situation not long ago, is in a beneficial metamorphosis. Next comes Muntenia.
Sources: INS, POP106A, FOM106E, and SAR102D tables; World Values Survey 2017.
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